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LaTeX常用符号整理

出自:LaTeX常用符号整理

希腊字母

Name Display Capital Case Display Var Case Display
\alpha \(\alpha\) A \(A\)
\beta \(\beta\) B \(B\)
\gamma \(\gamma\) \Gamma \(\Gamma\)
\theta \(\theta\) \Theta \(\Theta\) \vartheta \(\vartheta\)
\mu \(\mu\) M \(M\)
\delta \(\delta\) \Delta \(\Delta\)
\epsilon \(\epsilon\) E \(E\) \varepsilon \(\varepsilon\)
\sigma \(\sigma\) \Sigma \(\Sigma\) \varsigma \(\varsigma\)
\pi \(\pi\) \Pi \(\Pi\) \varpi \(\varpi\)
\omega \(\omega\) \Omega \(\Omega\)
\xi \(\xi\) \Xi \(\Xi\)
\zeta \(\zeta\) Z \(Z\)
\chi \(\chi\) X \(X\)
\rho \(\rho\) P \(P\) \varrho \(\varrho\)
\phi \(\phi\) \Phi \(\Phi\) \varphi \(\varphi\)
\eta \(\eta\) H \(H\)
\lambda \(\lambda\) \Lambda \(\Lambda\)
\kappa \(\kappa\) K \(K\)
\nu \(\nu\) N \(N\)
\upsilon \(\upsilon\) \Upsilon \(\Upsilon\)
\psi \(\psi\) \Psi \(\Psi\)
\tau \(\tau\) T \(T\)
\iota \(\iota\) I \(I\)
\omicron \(\omicron\) O \(O\)

有代码的大写希腊字母,直接敲获得正体,使用\var前缀转化为斜体

如:\Gamma \(\Gamma\)(正) \varGamma \(\varGamma\)(斜)

没有代码的大写希腊字母,直接敲得斜体,使用\text命令转化为正体

如:T \(T\)直接敲(斜) \text T \(\text T\)(正)

(也可以使用\rm将下一个单词变正,\text T的作用范围只是下一个字母;可以尝试加{}

运算

简单运算

Type Typeset
+ \(+\)
- \(-\)
\pm \(\pm\)
\mp \(\mp\)
\times \(\times\)
\cdot \(\cdot\)
\div \(\div\)
\bmod \(\bmod\)
\cap \(\cap\)
\cup \(\cup\)
\wedge \land \(\land\)
\vee \lor \(\lor\)
\ast \(\ast\)
\det \(\det\)

复杂运算

Type Typeset
\sqrt{abc} \(\sqrt{abc}\)
\sqrt[n]{abc} \(\sqrt[n]{abc}\)
\frac{abc}{xyz} \(\frac{abc}{xyz}\)
\int_{a}^{b} \(\int_{a}^{b}\)
\iiint_{a}^{b} \(\iiint_{a}^{b}\)
\oint_{a}^{b} \(\oint_{a}^{b}\)
\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x} \(\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x}\)
\frac{\mathrm{d}^{n} y}{\mathrm{d} x^{n}} \(\frac{\mathrm{d}^{n} y}{\mathrm{d} x^{n}}\)
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\)
\frac{\partial ^{n} f}{\partial x^{n}} \(\frac{\partial ^{n} f}{\partial x^{n}}\)
\sum_{i=1}^{n} \(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\)
\prod_{i=1}^{n} \(\prod_{i=1}^{n}\)
\bigcap_{i=1}^{n} \(\bigcap_{i=1}^{n}\)
\bigcup_{i=1}^{n} \(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}\)

(想要让角标出现在正上和正下方,使用块级公式而不是行内公式)

函数

Type Typeset
\arccos \(\arccos\)
\arcsin \(\arcsin\)
\arctan \(\arctan\)
\cos \(\cos\)
\cosh \(\cosh\)
\cot \(\cot\)
\lg \(\lg\)
\ln \(\ln\)
\log \(\log\)
\sin \(\sin\)
\sinh \(\sinh\)
\tan \(\tan\)
\tanh \(\tanh\)

极限运算符

Type Typeset
\lim \(\lim\)
\inf \(\inf\)
\sup \(\sup\)
\min \(\min\)
\max \(\max\)

符号

一些键盘上可直接敲出的符号,前面加\即可。

如:\% \(\to \%\) \_ \(\to \_\)

点缀

Type Typeset
a^2 \(a^2\)
a_1 \(a_1\)
\bar{a} \(\bar{a}\)
\dot{a} \(\dot{a}\)
\ddot{a} \(\ddot{a}\)
\vec{a} \(\vec{a}\)
\hat{a} \(\hat{a}\)
\tilde{a} \(\tilde{a}\)
\mathring{a} \(\mathring{a}\)
f^{''} \(f^{''}\)
90^\circ \(90^\circ\)
\overset{\frown}\psi \(\overset{\frown}\psi\)
\overset{?}{=} \(\overset{?}{=}\)
\overset{ping}{拼}\overset{yin}{音} \(\overset{ping}{拼}\overset{yin}{音}\)
\overset{はい}{入}る \(\overset{はい}{入}る\)
\underset{t\in R}{max} \(\underset{t\in R}{max}\)

二元关系

Type Typeset
< \(<\)
> \(>\)
\le \(\le\)
\ge \(\ge\)
\leqslant \(\leqslant\)
\geqslant \(\geqslant\)
= \(=\)
\ne \(\ne\)
: \(:\)
\in \(\in\)
\notin \(\notin\)
\ni \owns \(\ni\)
\ll \(\ll\)
\gg \(\gg\)
\sim \(\sim\)
\approx \(\approx\)
\cong \(\cong\)
\equiv \(\equiv\)
\subset \(\subset\)
\supset \(\supset\)
\subseteq \(\subseteq\)
\subsetneqq \(\subsetneqq\)
\perp \(\perp\)
\parallel \(\parallel\)
\mid \(\mid\)
\propto \(\propto\)

Miscellaneous Symbols

Type Typeset
\therefore \(\therefore\)
\because \(\because\)
\ell \(\ell\)
\partial \(\partial\)
\infty \(\infty\)
\varnothing \emptyset \(\emptyset\)
\forall \(\forall\)
\exists \(\exists\)
\triangle \(\triangle\)
\angle \(\angle\)
\surd \(\surd\)
\nabla \(\nabla\)
\neg \lnot \(\neg\)
\ldots \(\ldots\)
\cdots \(\cdots\)
\vdots \(\vdots\)
\ddots \(\ddots\)
\S \(\S\)

娱乐

Type Typeset
\spadesuit \(\spadesuit\)
\heartsuit \(\heartsuit\)
\diamondsuit \(\diamondsuit\)
\clubsuit \(\clubsuit\)

箭头

Type Typeset
\to \rightarrow \(\to\)
\leftarrow \(\leftarrow\)
\Rightarrow \(\Rightarrow\)
\Leftarrow \(\Leftarrow\)
\Longrightarrow \(\Longrightarrow\)
\Longleftarrow \(\Longleftarrow\)
\Leftrightarrow \(\Leftrightarrow\)
\iff \Longleftrightarrow \(\iff\)

包裹结构

Type Typeset
\overrightarrow{AB} \(\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\overline{AB} \(\overline{AB}\)
\underline{abc} \(\underline{abc}\)
\tilde{abc} \(\tilde{abc}\)
\widetilde{abc} \(\widetilde{abc}\)
\overbrace{abc} \(\overbrace{abc}\)
\underbrace{abc} \(\underbrace{abc}\)

括号

普通括号

Type Typeset
( ) \((\quad)\)
[ ] \([\quad]\)
\lbrace \rbrace \(\lbrace\quad\rbrace\)
\langle \rangle \(\langle\quad\rangle\)

使用\left \(\right \}打出大的包裹括号. 用.代替括号可以空出来一半的括号

绝对值/取模

\left | a \right | \(\left | a \right |\) \left \| \vec{a} \right \| \(\left \| \vec{a} \right \|\)

向量

Type Typeset
\begin{matrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{matrix} \(\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}\)
\begin{pmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{pmatrix} \(\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{pmatrix}\)
\begin{bmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{bmatrix} \(\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{bmatrix}\)
\begin{Bmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{Bmatrix} \(\begin{Bmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{Bmatrix}\)
\begin{vmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{vmatrix} \(\begin{vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{vmatrix}\)
\begin{Vmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{Vmatrix} \(\begin{Vmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{Vmatrix}\)

两侧括号也可以用 \left \right+括号 来包裹

增广矩阵

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\left[
    \begin{array}{cc|c}
      1 & 2 & 3 \\
      4 & 5 & 6
    \end{array}
\right]
\[ \left[ \begin{array}{cc|c} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{array} \right] \]

方程组

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\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
    a_{11}x_1+a_{12}x_2+\cdots+a_{1n}x_n=b_1 \\
    a_{21}x_1+a_{22}x_2+\cdots+a_{2n}x_n=b_2 \\
    \vdots \\
    a_{n1}x_1+a_{n2}x_2+\cdots+a_{nn}x_n=b_n
\end{array}
\right.
\[ \left\{ \begin{array}{c} a_{11}x_1+a_{12}x_2+\cdots+a_{1n}x_n=b_1 \\ a_{21}x_1+a_{22}x_2+\cdots+a_{2n}x_n=b_2 \\ \vdots \\ a_{n1}x_1+a_{n2}x_2+\cdots+a_{nn}x_n=b_n \end{array} \right. \]

文档布局

空格

Name Type Typeset
aa \(aa\)
interword space a\ a \(a\ a\)
1 em a\quad a \(a\quad a\)
2 em a\qquad a \(a\qquad a\)

紧缩

Name Type Typeset
aa \(aa\)
thinspace a\!a \(a\!a\)
medspcae a\negmedspace a \(a\negmedspace a\)
thickspace a\negthickspace a \(a\negthickspace a\)

字号

Type Typeset
text \(text\)
\tiny text \(\tiny text\)
\small text \(\small text\)
\normalsize text \(\normalsize text\)
\large text \(\large text\)
\huge text \(\huge text\)

字体

Type Typeset
\mathbf{A} \(\mathbf{A}\)
\mathcal{A} \(\mathcal{A}\)
\mathit{A} \(\mathit{A}\)
\mathrm{A} \(\mathrm{A}\)
\mathsf{A} \(\mathsf{A}\)
\mathtt{A} \(\mathtt{A}\)
\mathbb{A} \(\mathbb{A}\)
\mathfrak{A} \(\mathfrak{A}\)
\mathscr{A} \(\mathscr{A}\)

参考资料

百度文库 | Latex符号对应表

百度文库 | LaTeX Symbols符号

CSDN | Markdown中Latex 数学公式基本语法

CSDN | 最全 Markdown + Latex 编写技巧

CSDN | LaTeX数学符号总结

简书 | LaTeX 导数相关符号